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What Does a Physical Therapist Do?

Physical therapists (PTs) are licensed healthcare professionals who diagnose and treat individuals with conditions that limit their ability to move and perform daily activities. They work with patients recovering from surgery, injuries, strokes, and neurological disorders, as well as those managing chronic conditions such as arthritis, back pain, and Parkinson's disease.

PTs evaluate a patient's condition, develop individualized treatment plans, and guide patients through therapeutic exercises, manual therapy, and assistive devices. They also play an important role in injury prevention, wellness, and rehabilitation across the lifespan — from pediatric patients to older adults.

The aging U.S. population is a structural tailwind for physical therapy demand. The BLS notes that the growing size of the older adult population — who are more prone to mobility issues and chronic conditions — will be the primary driver of PT employment growth.

PTs work in a variety of settings including hospitals, private outpatient clinics, nursing and rehabilitation facilities, schools, sports medicine centers, and home health settings.

Manual therapyTherapeutic exercise Patient assessmentRehabilitation planning Neuromuscular techniquesPatient education
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Education & Requirements

1
Earn a Bachelor's Degree

No specific undergraduate major is required, but most DPT programs require prerequisite coursework in biology, chemistry, physics, anatomy, and statistics. A strong GPA is important for competitive admissions.

2
Gain Healthcare Experience

Most Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) programs require observation or volunteer hours in a PT clinic. This experience also helps confirm the career is the right fit.

3
Complete a Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) Program

DPT programs are typically three years. They include coursework in musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiopulmonary, and pediatric physical therapy, as well as substantial clinical rotations.

4
Pass the National Licensure Exam

All states require physical therapists to pass the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) administered by the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy (FSBPT).

5
Pursue Board Certification (Optional)

After gaining experience, PTs can pursue board-certified specialist credentials through the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties (ABPTS) in areas like orthopedics, neurology, sports, or geriatrics.

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Job Outlook

+11%
Projected employment
change 2024–2034
13,200
Avg. annual job
openings projected
$101,020
Median annual
wage (May 2024)

Physical therapists are projected to see 11 percent employment growth from 2024 to 2034 — more than three times the national average. The BLS attributes this growth primarily to the aging U.S. population, which has a higher incidence of mobility-limiting conditions and a greater need for rehabilitation and preventive services.

Physical therapy is also relatively well-protected from automation. The hands-on, relationship-based nature of PT work — assessing and responding to a patient's physical condition in real time — is difficult to replicate with technology. This gives PTs strong long-term career stability alongside solid demand growth.

The median annual wage of $101,020 makes physical therapy one of the more accessible six-figure healthcare careers. PT assistants (PTAs), who work under PT supervision with an associate degree, have a median wage of $65,510 and face 16 percent projected growth — offering an alternative entry path into the field.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook — Physical Therapists. Data reflects 2024–34 Employment Projections and May 2024 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics.
https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/physical-therapists.htm